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Invasive examinations such as endoscopy require what from a patient?

  1. Can be denied by a patient

  2. Needs a consent

  3. Can be done without consent in a sick patient in detention

  4. The doctor must consult at least one family member

The correct answer is: Needs a consent

The requirement for a patient's consent for invasive examinations, such as endoscopy, is grounded in the principles of medical ethics and patient autonomy. Consent ensures that patients are informed about the procedure, including its risks and benefits, and that they voluntarily agree to proceed. This is especially critical for invasive procedures that involve significant risks, discomfort, or implications for the patient's ongoing care. Informed consent is a crucial aspect of the physician-patient relationship. It enables patients to make educated decisions about their healthcare based on their personal values and preferences. For most medical procedures, especially those that are invasive, obtaining explicit consent is not just a legal obligation but also an ethical one, reinforcing the respect for the autonomy of the patient. While there are certain exceptional situations, such as in emergencies or specific legal contexts, where consent might not be required, the standard practice is to obtain consent. Therefore, emphasizing the need for consent is vital in the context of performing invasive procedures safely and ethically.